KINH TẾ TUẦN HOÀN VÀ GIẢM PHÁT THẢI CO₂ TẠI CÁC QUỐC GIA CHÂU ÂU: TỪ LÝ LUẬN ĐẾN THỰC TIỄN

Abstract

Facing the challenges of climate change and environmental degradation, the transition to a circular economy model is considered an effective approach to reducing CO₂ emissions and advancing sustainable development goals. This study analyzes the impact of the circular economy on CO₂ emissions in 20 European countries during the period 2013–2022 using panel data and quantitative analytical techniques such as Pooled OLS, FEM, REM, and GLS. The research model examines factors including recycling rates, renewable energy, population, GDP, digital infrastructure, and income inequality. The results show that municipal waste recycling rates and renewable energy have negative impacts on CO₂ emissions, while packaging recycling rates, population, economic growth, and digital infrastructure have positive impacts on CO₂ emissions. Income inequality has no significant effect. A key contribution of this study is the development of a comprehensive model integrating various factors within the framework of the circular economy, thereby providing policy implications that can be referenced by developing countries, including Vietnam, with the condition that adjustments should be made to suit specific contexts, institutional conditions, and domestic technological capabilities.

Keywords: Circular Economy – CE; Sustainable Development; CO₂ Emissions.